By Vet Katrina Ellams
Diabetes is a condition many of us are aware of in humans, but did you know cats and dogs can suffer from it too?
Recent studies have shown that approximately 1 in 300 dogs and 1 in 200 cats have diabetes in the UK.
November is internationally designated as Pet Diabetes Month and is dedicated to spreading awareness of this condition.
Diabetes mellitus occurs when an animal is unable to regulate their blood sugar levels. In the body blood glucose (sugar) should be regulated by the hormone insulin.
There are two main types of diabetes that we see in pets. Type I, which is more common in dogs, occurs when the body produces insufficient insulin.
Type II which is more commonly seen in cats is when enough insulin is produced but the cells don’t respond.
It tends to occur in middle aged to older animals and is seen more frequently in female dogs and male cats, with some breeds also being predisposed.
The most common clinical signs seen are increased urination and excessive thirst. An increased appetite accompanied by weight loss may also be seen, and is more common in cats.
Female dogs which have not been spayed can also get diabetes associated with the oestrus cycle, so any female dog with diabetes should be neutered.
It is also important to note that obesity is a proven risk factor in cats, and keeping animals lean and taking regular exercise reduces the risk. If diabetes is left uncontrolled it can be life-threatening.
A vet’s first step in investigating this includes taking a urine and a blood sample. From this they will be able to make a diagnosis and then a treatment plan can be produced.
Treatment involves daily insulin injections which owners can be taught to administer once or twice daily. Another key part of treatment is to create a diet and exercise routine which remains consistent.
It is important to bear in mind that once a pet is diagnosed with diabetes, they usually require lifelong treatment and lifestyle adaptations to manage it.
These are the key facts to remember:
1. Obesity is a risk factor in cats
2. Most common signs include increased urination and excessive thirst
3. Diabetes can be managed with insulin and by keeping exercise and diet consistent
4. It is a lifelong condition
If you are concerned your pet may be showing the signs above, please speak to your vet.